Incidence and Mortality of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome after Hemi Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis in a Single Institute of Karachi

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the incidence and mortality associated with Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome
following cemented hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Dr. Ziauddin
Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 1^st January 2022 to 31^st December 2022.
Methods: Patients who underwent cemented hemiarthroplasty at the Department of Orthopedics, Dr.
Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The study included patients with complete medical records documenting
cemented hemiarthroplasty as the primary treatment for femoral neck fractures. The incidence and severity of
Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome were identified and categorized using established criteria. The
association between 30-day mortality and Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome grade was analyzed using a
two-tailed Fisher's exact test.
Results: Out of 58 patients initially reviewed, 56 were included in the final analysis, with an observed incidence
of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome of 35.7% (20 patients). Among these, 5 patients exhibited severe Bone
Cement Implantation Syndrome (grades 2 and 3). The analysis revealed no statistically significant association
between the severity of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome and 30-day mortality (P = 0.122).
Demographically, 80.36% of the patients were male, with a median age of 76.5 years. Comorbidities included
hypertension (64.29%) and diabetes (30.36%).
Conclusion: Our study found a notable incidence of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome remains a critical
consideration in cemented hemiarthroplasty, its management does not significantly impact short-term
mortality. Our findings underscore the importance of vigilant perioperative care and the potential benefits of
larger Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome registries for improving patient outcomes.

How to cite this: Hassam M, Munshi N, Siddiqui AM, Baloch MDI, Arif, Azizi A. Incidence and Mortality of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome after Hemi Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis in a Single Institute of Karachi. Life and Science. 2025; 6(2): 184-189. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.685