Outcome of Obstetric Patients with Valvular Heart Diseases: Results of a Cohort Study from Tertiary Care Hospital, Multan, Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: To determine the outcomes of obstetric patients with valvular heart diseases in a tertiary care
hospital.
Study Design: Cohort study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Multan, Pakistan, from 1^st May 2023 to 30^th April 2024.
Methods: A total of 110 pregnant women diagnosed with valvular heart disease, as confirmed by
echocardiographic evaluation, were included in this study through consecutive sampling. The maternal, fetal,
and neonatal outcomes, especially linked to cardiology and obstetrics, were recorded. Descriptive analysis of
the study outcomes was done by applying frequency and percentages.
Results: The Mean± SD of age in this study was 27.83±5.25 years with an age range of 21-39 years. Mitral
stenosis was the most frequent valvular heart disease observed in 66 (60%) and 58 (52.73%) patients, who
belonged to NYHA class I. The maternal outcomes showed the mean gestational age of 37.58±1.75 weeks, with
34.55 % of the patients suffering from any type of maternal complications. Cesarean section (25.45 %), anemia
(8.18%), atrial fibrillation (7.27%), cardiac arrhythmia (7.27%), and onset/worsening of heart failure (5.45%)
were the most frequently recorded maternal complications. Data regarding fetal and neonatal outcomes
showed that complications were present in 33.64% of cases. Preterm delivery (23.64%), low birth weight (20%),
low APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score at 5 minutes (7.27%), and stillbirth
(6.36%) were the most common complications.
Conclusion: Adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes are frequently reported in obstetric patients with
valvular heart disease.

How to cite this: Hashmi Z, Sheen IN, Batool S, Azam R, Wajid H, Bushra. Outcome of Obstetric Patients with Valvular Heart Diseases: Results of a Cohort Study from Tertiary Care Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. Life and Science. 2025; 6(3): 362-367. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.767