Incidence of Nephropathy After Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis at Muhammad Teaching Hospital, Peshawar: A Single Institution Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of nephropathy after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with
decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Muhammad Teaching
Hospital (MTH), Peshawar, Pakistan from November 1^st, 2024, to April 30^th 2025.
Methods: A total of one hundred and ten (110) patients were part of the current study. This sample size was
obtained by using the WHO sample size calculator, for which a reference study was considered having a
frequency of renal impairment in about 83.3% of patients who had developed decompensated liver cirrhosis
followed by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Consecutive, non-probability sampling technique was used. The
confidence interval was equal to 95% while error margin was equal to 6% to calculate the size.
Results: Participants of the study were adults, and the minimum age was 18, whereas the oldest was 60 years,
with a mean of 46.436 ± 6.81 years. As chronic liver disease patients were selected, they had a prolonged
history of decompensated cirrhosis of the liver (mean duration was 8.845 ± 2.38 months). Gender classification
of 110 participants was done, in which males were 91 (82.7%) and females were 19 (17.3%). Nephropathy
(Renal impairment) was observed in 33 (30%) of patients after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in
decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Conclusion: In this study, the results showed that overall, there was 30% renal impairment in the observed
cases. They were more prominent in Child's Pugh C cirrhosis liver compared to Class A or B cirrhosis liver
because of the development of ascites.

How to cite this: Alam S, Ayaz M, Kausar SAZ, Ullah R, Imran A, Khan MS. Incidence of Nephropathy After Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis at Muhammad Teaching Hospital, Peshawar: A Single Institution Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Life and Science. 2025; 6(3): 356-361. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.942